{"id":1526,"date":"2014-06-08T23:51:14","date_gmt":"2014-06-08T13:51:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/?p=1526"},"modified":"2014-06-09T09:47:34","modified_gmt":"2014-06-08T23:47:34","slug":"what-lies-beneath","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/2014\/06\/08\/what-lies-beneath\/","title":{"rendered":"What lies beneath"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>New trees have been planted in Cavendish Street, Enmore, but for pavement fanciers the interest lies in the method used to install them. The process was far more complex than simply plonking a tree in a hole. It involved such things as &#8216;in-road planting&#8217; and &#8216;structural soil&#8217; and &#8216;plastic cells&#8217; and &#8216;permeable paving&#8217; \u00e2\u20ac\u201c all designed to address &#8216;multiple issues, including impact of trees on infrastructure, safety of footpaths, enhancement of the urban tree canopy, landscape amenity and urban water management&#8217;.* And preventing the road surface from cracking or caving in.<\/p>\n<p>Marrickville Council seems pretty pleased with the project, which is\u00c2\u00a0the first of its kind for this municipality, and maybe for the whole of Sydney. It&#8217;s been interesting watching the process, but I have some misgivings.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1527\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040952_TreeIn.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1527\" class=\"wp-image-1527 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040952_TreeIn.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040952_TreeIn.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040952_TreeIn-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1527\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cavendish Street, Enmore NSW, June 2014<\/p><\/div>\n<p>It all started more than three years ago, when Marrickville Council began removing very large fig trees from the footpaths on the\u00c2\u00a0street. Although enjoyed by birds and bats, these trees broke up the paving and invaded underground pipes. I wrote a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/2010\/12\/05\/tree-replaced\/%20\" target=\"_blank\">blog post <\/a>about\u00c2\u00a0local\u00c2\u00a0mourning\u00c2\u00a0when the first tree was removed.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1528\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/10qP1100337X_TreeReplaced.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1528\" class=\"wp-image-1528 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/10qP1100337X_TreeReplaced.jpg\" alt=\"Cavendish Street, Enmore NSW, October 2010\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/10qP1100337X_TreeReplaced.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/10qP1100337X_TreeReplaced-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1528\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8216;Tree replaced by cement!&#8217;, Cavendish Street, Enmore NSW, October 2010<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The story resumes in April this year, and here&#8217;s how it goes. The Council excavates three huge rectangular pits in the street, digging deep down into the clay beneath the surface of the road.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1529\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040605_PitDug.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1529\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1529\" src=\"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040605_PitDug.jpg\" alt=\"Cavendish Street, May 2014\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040605_PitDug.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040605_PitDug-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1529\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cavendish Street, May 2014<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Underground infrastructure, including gas pipes, is adjusted and gravel is spread in the bottom of each hole.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1530\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040748_GravelIn.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1530\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1530\" src=\"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040748_GravelIn.jpg\" alt=\"Cavendish Street, May 2014\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040748_GravelIn.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040748_GravelIn-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1530\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cavendish Street, May 2014<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Next, a layer of large plastic cells is positioned in the pit and &#8216;structural soil&#8217; is tipped in between them. Another layer of cells and soil is added, this time with a rectangular hole in the centre fenced off with plywood formwork. As I understand it, the plastic cells act as support for the roadway above; the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Structural_Soil\" target=\"_blank\">structural soil <\/a>is a mix of gravel and loam that resists being compacted and allows tree roots to spread and grow.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1531\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040829_CellsSoil.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1531\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1531\" src=\"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040829_CellsSoil.jpg\" alt=\"Cavendish Street, May 2014\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040829_CellsSoil.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040829_CellsSoil-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1531\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cavendish Street, May 2014<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Over the soil comes a layer of geotextile then another layer of gravel.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1532\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040838_PitFill.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1532\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1532\" src=\"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040838_PitFill.jpg\" alt=\"Cavendish Street, May 2014\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040838_PitFill.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040838_PitFill-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1532\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cavendish Street, May 2014<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Concreters build retaining edges around the central tree hole to form a &#8216;blister&#8217;. This will prevent cars bumping into the tree trunk.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1538\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040928BlisterMake.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1538\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1538\" src=\"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040928BlisterMake.jpg\" alt=\"Cavendish Street, June 2014\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040928BlisterMake.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040928BlisterMake-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1538\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cavendish Street, June 2014<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Permeable pavers are laid. Rain falling on the road will flow towards this area of porous paving. This means that street run-off will infiltrate the tree pits instead of gushing down the gutters and into stormwater drains.<\/p>\n<p>Within a day or so, on a nice rainy morning, advanced trees are lifted into the central hole, the formwork is removed and more soil is tipped around the large root ball. The three trees are <em>Waterhousia floribunda<\/em> &#8216;Green Avenue&#8217;, a cultivar of the rainforest Weeping Lilli Pilli that is expected to grow to 16 metres.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1533\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040948TreePorous.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1533\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1533\" src=\"http:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040948TreePorous.jpg\" alt=\"Cavendish Street, June 2014. All photographs by meganix. \" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040948TreePorous.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/14f-ncP1040948TreePorous-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1533\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cavendish Street, June 2014. All photographs by meganix.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The project is not quite finished. A garden will be planted inside each blister. But the safety fencing has been replaced by witches&#8217; hats and the official photographer has been sent to take photos for Council publications. As the unofficial photographer and busybody I&#8217;m rushing into e-print with this blog post.<\/p>\n<p>In my next post I will talk about how my admiration for this aboricultural and civil engineering feat is tempered by reservations about the push and pull of local council policies.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>*<em>Marrickville Matters<\/em>, December 2013, p.9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>New trees have been planted in Cavendish Street, Enmore, but for pavement fanciers the interest lies in the method used to install them. The process was far more complex than simply plonking a tree in a hole. It involved such things as &#8216;in-road planting&#8217; and &#8216;structural soil&#8217; and &#8216;plastic cells&#8217; and &#8216;permeable paving&#8217; \u00e2\u20ac\u201c all <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/2014\/06\/08\/what-lies-beneath\/#more-1526\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[78,28,107,98],"tags":[12,51,121,113,112,7],"class_list":["post-1526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-city","category-gardens","category-paving-materials","category-underground","tag-enmore","tag-footpaths","tag-gardens","tag-paving","tag-paving-stones","tag-sydney"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1526","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1526"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1526\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1541,"href":"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1526\/revisions\/1541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1526"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meganix.net\/pavement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}